Teaching How to Learn by Kenneth A. Kiewra

Author:Kenneth A. Kiewra
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Skyhorse
Published: 2016-02-16T16:00:00+00:00

EXHIBIT 5.6

Operant Conditioning Terms and Definitions

Positive reinforcement: Presentation of a stimulus following a response that works to increase the response.

Negative reinforcement: Removal of a stimulus following a response that works to increase the response.

Positive punishment: Presentation of a stimulus following a response that works to decrease the response.

Negative punishment: Removal of a stimulus following a response that works to decrease the response.

Instructors teaching the operant conditioning terms and definitions in Exhibit 5.6 would want students to answer single fact questions such as, “What is the definition of positive reinforcement?” and relational fact questions such as, “Which operant techniques involve a decrease in behavior?” In addition, instructors would want students to answer concept questions like the following:

Miranda refused to eat chicken cacciatore. One day Miranda’s mother struck a deal with Miranda and gave her a quarter for every bite of chicken cacciatore she consumed. As a result, Miranda ate 29 bites of chicken cacciatore and pocketed a cool $7.25 as well. What operant technique did Miranda’s mom use?

Which one of the following examples involves negative punishment?

a. Washing the car more often because you get paid for doing it.

b. Losing 10 yards for holding in football and not holding thereafter.

c. Eating out more often because you hate doing dishes.

d. Cutting back on weight lifting because lifting makes you sore.

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